From: Interactions of commonly used dietary supplements with cardiovascular drugs: a systematic review
Item | Supplement (dose) | Cardiovascular drug | Number of studies, sample size, characteristic (treatment duration) |
---|---|---|---|
All lipids (Low and high density lipoproteins-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol) | Coenzyme Q10 (100 to 200 mg/day) | Statins | Two studies; 49 hypercholesterolemic patients [57], and 44 patients with statin-induced myopathic pain [39]; (12 weeks) |
 | Coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) | Fenofibrate | Participants with type II diabetes and high CHD risk |
 | Garlic (4 g/day) | Warfarin | Single study [59]; 48 participants with prosthetic heart valves, or diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis, valvular heart disease or atrial fibrillation |
 | Garlic (4 mL/day) | Statins + aspirin | Single study [62]; 23 participants with, or at high risk for, coronary artery disease (1 year) |
 | Garlic (4 g/day) | Nitrates | Single study [61]; 60 participants with coronary |
 |  |  | artery disease (1 year) |
 | Ginkgo biloba (120 mg/day) | Aspirin | Single study [64]; 50 young healthy men (1 week) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (4 g/day) | Fenofibrate | Single study [55]; 167 participants with unclear CHD risk (8 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/day) | Calcium channel blockers | Single study [49], 22 participants with variant angina (16 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (4 g/day) | Niacin + aspirin | Single study [77]; 14 participants with atherogenic dyslipidemia (12 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (10 g/day) | Aspirin | Two studies [80, 84]; 30 healthy participants (2 to 3 weeks) |
 | Vitamin E (0.6/day) | Gemfibrozil | Single study [88]; 67 participants with hyperlipidemia (4 weeks) |
 | Vitamin E (100 mg/day, 100 IU/day) | Statins | Pooled results for four studies[89, 91–93]; 192 highly selective participants (24 weeks) |
Triglycerides | Omega-3 fatty acids (4 g/day) | ACE inhibitors | Two studies [78, 79]; 58 participant with renal dysfunction or hypertension (6 to 25 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (4 to 9 g/day) | Statins | Three studies [38, 72, 82]; 420 highly selected participants with low or unclear CHD risk (4 to 18 weeks) |
 | Vitamin E (900 mg/day) | Antiplatelet agents | Single study [86]; 16 participants with high CHD risk (6 weeks) |
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Omega-3-fish oil (1.8 g/day) | Calcium channel blockers + aspirin | Single study [50]; 107 participants with pre-coronary angioplasty (6 weeks) |
High density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Vitamin E (900 mg/day) | Nifedipine | Single study [94]; 30 participants with high CHD risk (16 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (1.8 g/day) | Calcium channel blockers + aspirin | Single study [50]; 107 participants with pre-coronary angioplasty (6 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (3.2 g/day) | Calcium channel blockers + aspirin +  dipyridamole | Single study [51]; 82 participants with post-coronary angioplasty (12 weeks) |
Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) | Coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) | Fenofibrate | Single study[56]; 80 participants with type II diabetes and high CHD risk (12 weeks) |
 | Garlic (4 g/day) | Warfarin | Single study [59]; 48 participants with prosthetic heart valves, or diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis, valvular heart disease or atrial fibrillation |
 | Ginkgo biloba (120 mg/day) | Aspirin | Single study [64]; 50 young healthy male volunteers (1 week) |
 | Ginkgo biloba (120 mg/day) | Cilostazol | Single study [67]; 10 healthy South Asian men (1 day) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (10 g/day) | Aspirin | Two studies [80, 84]; 30 healthy participants (2 to 3 weeks) |
 | Omega-3 fatty acids (4 g/day) | Beta-adrenergic antagonists | Single study [85]; 25 participants with unclear CHD risk (6 weeks) |
 | Vitamin E (600 mg/day) | Furosemide | Single study [87]; 24 hypertensive participants (4 weeks) |
 |  | Gemfibrozil | Single study [88]; 67 participants with hyperlipidemia (4 weeks) |
 | Vitamin E (900 mg/day) | Nifedipine | Single study [94]; 30 participants with high CHD risk (16 weeks) |
International normalized ratio | Echinacea (5 g/day) | Warfarin | Single study [97]; 12 healthy volunteers (2 weeks) |
 | Garlic (4 g/day) |  | Two studies; 48 participants with high CHD risk [59](12 weeks), and 16 healthy men with known CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype [60] (2 weeks) |
 | Ginger (3.6 g/day) |  | Single study [63];12 healthy male volunteers (7 days) |
 | Ginkgo biloba (12 g/day) |  |  |
 | Panax ginseng (1.5-2 g/day) |  | Two studies; seven healthy men [70] (1 week), 25 patients with ischemic stroke [68] (2 weeks) |
 | Omega-3-fish oil (4 mg/day) |  | Single study [54]; 11 participants with unclear CHD risk (4 weeks) |