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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in systematic review and meta-analysis for protective efficacy against travelers’ diarrhea

From: Effectiveness of rifaximin and fluoroquinolones in preventing travelers’ diarrhea (TD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Country of traveler

Country of travel

Population

Study design

Antibiotic evaluated

Dose and frequency

No. of patientsin allregimens

Duration of therapy

Protective Efficacy

Studies reviewed and included in meta-analysis

Johnson et al. (1986) [24]

USA

Mexico

Language school

R, DB, PC

Norfloxacin

400 mg daily

115

14 days

88%*

Wistrom et al. (1987) [31]

Sweden

Africa, Asia, South America

NS

R, DB, PC

Norfloxacin

200 mg bid

115

5 to 21 days

84%*

Scott et al. (1990) [34]

USA/ Italy

Egypt

Military

R, DB, PC

Norfloxacin

400 mg daily

222

7 days

93%*

Rademaker et al. (1989) [30]

The Netherlands

Tunisia

Leisure

R, DB, PC

Ciprofloxacin

500 mg daily

53

8 days

94%*

Heck et al. (1994) [33]

USA

Central and South America

Volunteering

R, DB, PC

Ciprofloxacin

500 mg daily

278

5 to14 days

85%*

DuPont et al. (2005) [26]

USA

Mexico

Language school

R, DB, PC

Rifaximin

200 mg daily, bid, tid

210

14 days

73%*,a

Armstrong et al. (2010) [25]

USA

Turkey

Military

R, DB, PC

Rifaximin

1,100 mg daily

95

14 days

67%

Martinez-Sandoval et al. (2010) [28]

USA

Mexico

Language school

R, DB, PC

Rifaximin

600 mg daily

201

14 days

68%*

Flores et al. (2011) [27]

USA

Mexico

Language school

R, DB, PC

Rifaximin

550 mg daily

98

14 days

28%

Other studies of relevance reviewed but not included in meta-analysis

Parry et al. (1994) [29]

UK

Nepal

Himalayan expedition

R, DB, PC

Ciprofloxacin

250 mg daily

21

28 days

NA

Taylor et al. (2006) [32]

NA

NA

Volunteers

R, DB, PC

Rifaximin

200 mg tid

25

3 days

NA

  1. aRifaximin groups combined. Note: Studies are listed in chronological order by an antibiotic studied. bid = twice daily; tid = three times daily; R, DB, PC = randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; NA = not available; NS = not specified. *Statistically significant.