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Table 1 A priori outcomes of botulinum toxin therapy

From: A comparative assessment of three formulations of botulinum toxin A for facial rhytides: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Outcomes of treatment effectiveness

 

Time to treatment response or onset of action (based upon patient or expert/observer reported response assessment)

Duration of action or sustainability of response

Patient reported improvement at 30 days, and between 112 and 120 days, or nearest approximations

Expert/observer reported improvement at 30 days, and between 112 and 120 days, or nearest approximations

Changes in quality of life (assessed using validated instruments)

Detection of neutralizing antibodies

Short-term unintended effects of treatment or treatment delivery (harms)

 

Injection site pain or hyperesthesia, edema, ecchymosis or cutaneous infections

Urticaria

Anaphylaxis

Use of botulinum anti-toxin

Headaches

Flu-like malaise

Longer-term unintended effects of treatment (harms)

 

Functional neurologic deficits or disfigurements (for example brow or lid ptosis, blepharoptosis, ectropion or entropion)

 

Strabismus and diplopia