Table 1 Outcomes for various micronutrients analyzed

Zinc

Serum zinc concentration, height velocity, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin and serum copper concentration

Folate

Serum folate concentration, red blood cell folate concentration, folate deficiency, twinning, incidence of neural tube defects, anencephaly and spina bifida

Vitamin A

Serum vitamin A concentration, vitamin A deficiency and hemoglobin

Vitamin D/calcium

Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D₃ concentration, alkaline phosphatase and serum parathyroid hormone

Iodine

Serum thyroxin levels, prevalence of hypothyroidism and urinary iodine concentration

Iron

Serum ferritin, serum transferrin, hemoglobin and anemia

Multiple micronutrients

Serum ferritin, serum zinc, serum retinol, vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobin levels, height for age Z-scores, weight for age Z-scores, weight for height Z-scores and morbidity.