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Table 1 Four categories of behaviour outcomes as proposed by Hardeman et al.[35]

From: Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: protocol for a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

Intervention

The four categories of behaviour outcomes (with examples)

 

Determinant of behaviour

Behaviour outcomes

Physiology and biochemical outcomes

Health outcomes

Community pharmacy smoking cessation

1. Knowledge

Cessation of smoking

Improvements in lung capacity

Incidence rates for lung cancer

 

2. Skills

  

General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)

 

3. Social role and identity

   
 

4. Beliefs about capability

  

Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)

 

5. Beliefs about consequences

   
 

6. Motivation

  

Health service use (e.g. GP visits)

 

7. Cognitive and decision processes

   
 

8. Environment

   
 

9. Social influences

   
 

10. Emotion

   
 

11. Behavioural regulation

   

Community pharmacy alcohol screening and intervention

1. Knowledge

Reduced score on the Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) demonstrating a reduction in alcohol intake

Improved liver function, reduced drinking, fewer alcohol-related sequelae

Incidence rates for liver disease

 

2. Skills

  

General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)

 

3. Social role and identity

   
 

4. Beliefs about capability

  

Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)

 

5. Beliefs about consequences

Change in alcohol intake

  
 

6. Motivation

Change in occasions of binge drinking?

 

Health service use (e.g. GP visits)

 

7. Cognitive and decision processes

   
 

8. Environment

   
 

9. Social influences

   
 

10. Emotion

   
 

11. Behavioural regulation

   

Community pharmacy weight management

1. Knowledge

Physical activity

Weight loss, reduction of BMI, reduction in waist circumference

Cardiovascular risk score

 

2. Skills

Dietary intake

 

Incidence rates for CVD

 

3. Social role and identity

  

General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)

 

4. Beliefs about capability

  

Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)

 

5. Beliefs about consequences

  

Health service use (e.g. GP visits)

 

6. Motivation

   
 

7. Cognitive and decision processes

   
 

8. Environment

   
 

9. Social influences

   
 

10. Emotion

   
 

11. Behavioural regulation

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