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Table 1 Mechanism of action of low-level laser therapy [13]

From: Low-level laser therapy and exercise for patients with shoulder disorders in physiotherapy practice (a systematic review protocol)

Types of effect

Mechanisms

Outcomes

Anti-inflammatory effect

Activation of microcirculation

Elimination of oedema

Prostaglandin level changes

Equalisation of osmotic pressure

Stabilisation of lipid peroxidation

Reactivation of superoxide dysmutase and catalase

Reduction of lipid peroxidation

Analgesic

Activation of neuron metabolism and endorphin level growth

Increase pain threshold

Reparation of wound stimulation

ATP accumulation

Defective epithelisation

Activation of cellular metabolism

Protein and collagen synthesis

Increase proliferation of fibroblasts and other cells

Capillary formation

Immune response stimulation

Increase proliferation of immune modifying cells

 

Accelerate maturation of immune modifying cells.

 

Reflexogenic effect

Excitation of nerve centres

Stimulation of physiological functions