Table 3 Examples of measures used to assess well-being
Outcome measured | Instrument |
|---|---|
Mental well-being | Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale [20] |
Diener’s Flourishing Scale [17] | |
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) [34] | |
Physician Job Satisfaction Scale [35] | |
Burnout | Maslach’s Burnout Inventory [36] |
Psychological distress | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [37] |
Distress sub-scale of Symptom Checklist Rev (SCL-R) [38] | |
Anxiety | Depression Anxiety Distress Scale [39] |
Brief Symptom Inventory [40] | |
Anxiety sub-scale of SCL-R | |
Depression | Beck’s Depression Inventory [41] |
Brief Symptom Inventory | |
Depression sub-scale of SCL-R | |
Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale [42] | |
DASS | |
Empathy | Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) [43] |
Jefferson’s Scale Physician Empathy [44] | |
Mindfulness | Freiberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) [45] |
Quality of life | WHOQOL [46] |