Fig. 2From: Network meta-analysis incorporating randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative cohort studies for assessing the safety and effectiveness of medical treatments: challenges and opportunitiesPotential bias resulting in network meta-analyses incorporating both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative cohort studies. a Potential for confounding—randomized versus non-randomized studies. b Indirect estimate from randomized controlled trial. c Indirect estimate from non-randomized studyBack to article page