| (1) Prevention | (2) Reduction | Treatment (and relapse prevention) |
---|---|---|---|
Population | Adolescents, at risk groups | General population who use alcohol or substances but not receiving acute or long-term care for a diagnosed AUD and/or SUD, at risk groups | Those receiving/have received acute or long-term care for a diagnosed AUD and/or SUD |
Intervention | Sport and physical activity-based programmes (schools, community, public health interventions) | Public health level initiatives, targeted community- and healthcare-based interventions | Adjunct PA interventions, prescribed and supported PA interventions, motivational interventions |
Control | Other non-PA control, usual care, or no intervention | Other non-PA control, usual care, or no intervention | Standalone usual care, non-PA control |
Outcome | |||
 (a) Quantitativea | Levels of subsequent use of alcohol and/or substances, prevalence rates | % reduction in alcohol and/or substance use, prevalence | Abstinence rates, % days abstinent, % reduction in alcohol and/or substance use, relapse rates |
 (b) Qualitative | Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA | Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA, perceived utility of PA | Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA, perceived utility of PA |
 (c) Service Evaluations | Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues | Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues | Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues |
 (d) Economic | Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs) | Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs) | Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs) |