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Table 1 Outcomes tabled by population, intervention, control, and outcome against the three domains of physical activity and its possible impact on alcohol and substance use

From: Physical activity and the prevention, reduction, and treatment of alcohol and/or substance use across the lifespan (The PHASE review): protocol for a systematic review

 

(1) Prevention

(2) Reduction

Treatment (and relapse prevention)

Population

Adolescents, at risk groups

General population who use alcohol or substances but not receiving acute or long-term care for a diagnosed AUD and/or SUD, at risk groups

Those receiving/have received acute or long-term care for a diagnosed AUD and/or SUD

Intervention

Sport and physical activity-based programmes (schools, community, public health interventions)

Public health level initiatives, targeted community- and healthcare-based interventions

Adjunct PA interventions, prescribed and supported PA interventions, motivational interventions

Control

Other non-PA control, usual care, or no intervention

Other non-PA control, usual care, or no intervention

Standalone usual care, non-PA control

Outcome

 (a) Quantitativea

Levels of subsequent use of alcohol and/or substances, prevalence rates

% reduction in alcohol and/or substance use, prevalence

Abstinence rates, % days abstinent, % reduction in alcohol and/or substance use, relapse rates

 (b) Qualitative

Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA

Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA, perceived utility of PA

Acceptability, feasibility, barriers and facilitators of PA, perceived utility of PA

 (c) Service Evaluations

Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues

Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues

Mixture of above (a) and (b) outcomes, implementation issues

 (d) Economic

Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs)

Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs)

Costs, cost-effectiveness, net benefit, resource use and cost, economic measures of benefit (e.g. Quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), and willingness to pay (WTP)), summary economic measures (e.g. incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ICERs)

  1. aOutcomes listed are indicative and not exhaustive