Fig. 3
Forest plots displaying the effectiveness of self-management support interventions in improving outcomes for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a systolic blood pressure, b diastolic blood pressure, c estimated glomerular filtration rate, d hemoglobin A1c, e self-management activity, and f health-related quality of life. The x-axis represents mean differences or standard mean differences. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual studies are represented by a horizontal line and by a diamond for pooled effect. SD standard deviation, IV inverse variance