Intervention and comparison intervention | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk with comparison | Risk with intervention | |||||
Active management | ||||||
 Hofmeyr 2015 [23] Active management with CCT versus without CCT | 2 per 1000 | 2 per 1000 (1–5) | RR 1.22 (0.55–2.74) | 27,300 (2 studies) | Low | Serious inconsistency, serious imprecision |
 Du 2014 [47] Active management with CCT versus without CCT | 2 per 1000 | 3 per 1000 (2–4) | RR 1.55 (0.88–2.2) | 23,232 (1 study) | Low | Evidence based on a single study |
Oxytocin | ||||||
 Pantoja, 2016 [51] Oxytocin injection versus no injection | Not estimable | Not estimable | Not estimable | 1586 (1 study) | Very low | Evidence based on a single study, serious imprecision |
Prostaglandin | ||||||
 Hofmeyr 2009 [52] Misoprostol versus no uterotonic/placebo | Not estimable | 1 per 1000 (0–2) | RR 2.0 (0.68–5.83) | 22,278 (5 studies) | Moderate | Serious imprecision, reporting bias is high |
 Tunçalp 2012 [32] Oral misoprostol versus no uterotonic/placebo | 1 per 1000 | 1 per 1000 (0–4) | RR 1.46 (0.24–8.81) | 3965 (3 studies) | Low | Serious inconsistency |
 Hofmeyr 2013 [30] Misoprostol versus no uterotonic/placebo | Not estimable | 1 per 1000 (0–2) | RR 2.7 (0.72–10.11) | 9333 (10 studies) | Moderate | Serious imprecision |
Non-pharmacological management | ||||||
 Abedi, 2016 [62] Nipple stimulation versus no treatment | Not estimable | Not estimable | RR 3.03 (0.12–74.26) | 4227 (1 study) | Very low | Evidence based on a single study, serious imprecision |