Table 4 Risk of bias assessment in individual studies
From: Trends in maternal and neonatal mortality in South Africa: a systematic review
No. | Author (year) | Definition | Ascertainment of deaths/live births | Sampling technique/design | Data quality | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal mortality | ||||||
1. | Dorrington et al., 2016 [45] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
2. | WHO, 2015 [35] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
3. | MDG/Stats SA, 2015 [46] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
4. | Dorrington et al., 2015 [47] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
5. | WHO, 2014 [36] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
6. | Kassebaum et al., 2014 [37] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
7. | Department of Health, 2014 [48] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
8. | NCCEMD, 2014 [49] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
9. | Udjo, 2014 [38] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
10. | Pattinson et al., 2013 [67] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
11. | WHO, 2012 [39] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
12. | NCCEMD, 2012 [28] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
13. | Garenne, 2011 [65] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
14. | WHO, 2011 [40] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
15. | Lozano et al., 2011 [41] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
16. | Stats SA, 2011 [50] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
17. | WHO, 2010 [42] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
18. | Hogan et al., 2010 [43] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
19. | NCCEMD, 2008 [51] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
20. | Garenne et al., 2008 [52] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
21. | Moodley, 2003 [53] | Low | High | High | Low | High |
22. | AbouZahr et al., 2001 [44] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
23. | Hill et al., 2001 [66] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
24. | Moodley, 2000 [54] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
25. | SADHS, 1998 [55] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
Neonatal mortality | ||||||
1. | SADHS, 2016 [56] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
2. | Dorrington et al., 2016 [45] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
3. | UNICEF, 2015 [14] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
4. | UNICEF, 2014 [61] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
5. | Dorrington et al., 2014 [57] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
6. | Pattinson et al., 2014 [23] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
7. | NaPeMMCO, 2014 [58] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
8. | WHO, 2011 [40] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
9. | Oestergaard et al., 2011 [62] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
10. | NaPeMMCO, 2011 [59] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
11. | Rajaratnam et al., 2010 [63] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
12. | SADHS, 2007 [60] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
13. | Hyder et al., 2003 [64] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
14. | SADHS, 1998 [55] | Low | High | Low | Low | High |