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Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

From: Effect of mobile text message reminders on routine childhood vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

S. no

Author (year)

Country

Study design

Study participants/setting

Population (I, C)

Interventions/control

Follow-up periods

Outcome measure

Event among intervention

Event among control

1

Bangure et al. (2013)

Zimbabwe

RCT

Women who delivered were recruited into the study at 4 Kadoma city clinics in Mashonal and West province of Zimbabwe

304 (152, 152)

SMS reminders were sent at 6, 10, and 14 weeks on 7, 3, and 1 day before vaccination due dates. Control group received routine care.

14 weeks

Immunization coverage at 6, 10, and 14 weeks

144/152

114/152

2

Schmidt et al. (2012)

USA

RCT

Parents of newborns being discharged from a local hospital who intended to seek child health care at the university-sponsored pediatric resident and faculty clinic

68 (28, 40)

A text message reminder sent 7 days prior to vaccination schedules. Control group received standard notifications.

7 months

Receipt of vaccinations due at 2, 4, 6 months of age

22/28

31/40

3

Dini et al. (2000)

USA

RCT

Households in the Denver metropolitan area whose children had received the first dose of DTP and/or poliovirus vaccines

960 (440, 520)

Reminder messages sent on due dates of vaccination. Control group has no notifications.

24 months

Vaccination series completion at 24 months of age

217/440

213/520

4

Haji et al. (2014)

Kenya

RCT

Children < 12 months of age who were brought to the selected vaccinating health facilities in the three districts of Machakos, Langata and Njoro for their first dose of pentavalent vaccine

744 (372, 372)

Text reminders sent 2 days before and on the day of the scheduled Vaccination due date. Control group received routine reminder.

14 weeks

Receipt of scheduled vaccines at 10 and 14 weeks

359/372

309/372

5

Eze GU et al. (2015)

Nigeria

Parallel group RCT

Paired child-caregivers were followed-up at 8 health facilities in an urban/sub-urban area in South Nigeria

905 (452, 453)

A text message reminder sent a day before the due date. Control group received routine care.

18 weeks

DPT3 Coverage at 18 weeks

312/452

273/453

6

Niederhauser et al. (2015)

USA

RCT

The study enrolled parent/infant dyads recruited from a large federally qualified health center, a Women, Infants and Children clinic, a private pediatric clinic and at the Honolulu Baby Expo

42 (19, 23)

Text message sent 4 weeks and 2 weeks prior to the due date for the infant’s 2, 4, and 6-month vaccinations. Control group received routine care.

7 months

5 vaccines (DTaP, HepB, HIB, PCV, and polio) complete coverage at specific ages by group

7/19

15/23

7

Domek et al. (2016)

Guatemala

Pilot RCT

Infants aged 8–14 weeks presenting for the first dose of the primary immunization series at two public health clinics were enrolled

321 (160, 161)

SMS text messages at 6, 4, and 2 days before the next scheduled date for visits 2 and 3.

7 months

Completing all (pentavalent, pneumococcal, polio, and rotavirus) vaccines

130/160

122/161

8

Gibson et al. (2017)

Kenya

Clustered RCT

Villages were randomly and evenly allocated. Caregivers were eligible if they had a child younger than 5 weeks who had not yet received a first dose of pentavalent vaccine

748 (388, 360)

SMS reminders sent 3 days and the day before vaccination visits at 6, 10, and 14 weeks and at 9 months. Control group with no SMS service.

12 months

Full coverage (BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of pentavalent and measles)

332/388

296/360

9

Hofstetter et al. (2015)

USA

RCT

Parents of 9.5–10.5-month-old children from four urban academically affiliated pediatric clinics

1368 (686, 682)

Text reminder sent 2 days before the schedule. Control arm with usual care.

13 months

MMR vaccination by 13 months

263/686

270/682

10

Stockwell et al. (2012)

USA

RCT

Four community-based clinics in the USA

5165 (2576, 2589)

Text message reminders sent a month before due date. Control received usual care.

12 months

Receipt of an influenza vaccine

1316/2576

1202/2589

  1. I intervention, C control