Table 3 Examples for the different accuracy study types
Example study | Population | Diseases /outcome | Index test | Reference test/outcome | Time between Index and reference test | Sampling | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 [30] | Kidney transplant recipients aged ≥ 50 years | Colorectal caner | Faecal immunochemical testing | Colonoscopy with histological evaluation | Directly referred to reference after receiving the index test | All kidney transplant recipients aged ≥ 50 years | Diagnostic accuracy cohort-type cross-sectional study |
2 [31] | Attended a memory clinic | Alzheimer dementia | Cognitive test | Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s | Reference test and index test during outpatient visit | Three age matched controls were selected for each patient with Alzheimer’s disease | Diagnostic accuracy case-control type cross-sectional study |
3 [32] | Age 50–90 years | Osteoporotic fractures | Prognostic model | Hip fracture | 5 years | All patients in a payer provider health organisation | Prognostic accuracy cohort study |
4 [33] | Men ≥ 40 years | Prostate cancer | Prostate specific antigen screening using blood draws | Prostate cancer diagnosed using biopsy | Mean 7.1 years | 540 cases and 1034 controls matched for age and date of blood draw | Prognostic accuracy case-control study |