Assessment items | Lower risk of bias | Higher risk of bias |
---|---|---|
Measurement and definition of outcomes LEA | Precise definition and description of how the LEA were recorded | No definition and description of how the LEA were recorded |
Diagnostic criteria of diabetes | Documented by physician (clinical diagnosis, ICD) | Self-reported DM |
Statistical methods: IR, CumI, RR | Presented as age-sex adjusted estimates; reported with CI | Crude rates; reported without CI |
Time trends | Time trends reported using multivariate regression models | Time trends reported only descriptive |
Duration of the observation perioda | 5 years and more | Less than 5 years |