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Table 2 Significant differencesa between treatments of lupus nephritis for a composite end-point of renal remission or renal response (includes partial remission, complete remission and renal response)

From: Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Treatment

Reference

Odds ratio (95 % CrI)

Relative risk (95 % CrI)

Risk difference % (95 % Crl)

CYC

PRED

2.35 (1.28, 4.23)

1.60 (1.60, 2.24)

0.21 (0.06, 0.34)

MMF

 

3.26 (1.57, 6.72)

1.82 (1.82, 2.60)

0.28 (0.11, 0.44)

TAC

 

2.51 (1.11, 5.76)

1.64 (1.64, 2.44)

0.22 (0.03, 0.41)

CSA

 

5.69 (2.02, 17.61)

2.15 (2.15, 3.18)

0.40 (0.17, 0.58)

CYC LD

CYC

0.32 (0.10, 0.89)

0.51 (0.51, 0.95)

−0.26 (−0.45, −0.03)

CYC LD

MMF

0.23 (0.08, 0.61)

0.45 (0.45, 0.81)

−0.34 (−0.53, −0.12)

CYC HD

 

0.40 (0.20, 0.74)

0.65 (0.65, 0.89)

−0.22 (−0.38, −0.07)

CSA

AZA

3.20 (1.04, 10.19)

1.53 (1.53, 2.39)

0.26 (0.01, 0.47)

CYC LD

TAC

0.30 (0.09, 0.91)

0.50 (0.50, 0.95)

−0.28 (−0.50, −0.02)

PLASMA

CSA

0.19 (0.04, 0.92)

0.49 (0.49, 0.97)

−0.38 (−0.66, −0.02)

CYC LD

 

0.13 (0.03, 0.52)

0.38 (0.38, 0.76)

−0.45 (−0.69, −0.15)

CYC HD

 

0.23 (0.06, 0.72)

0.55 (0.55, 0.87)

−0.33 (−0.57, −0.08)

CYC HD

 

0.23 (0.06, 0.72)

0.55 (0.55, 0.87)

−0.33 (−0.57, −0.08)

Random-effects model

Residual deviance

 

82.2 vs. 77 data points

 
 

Deviance information criteria

 

389.332

 

Fixed-effects model

Residual Deviance

 

88.8 vs. 77 data points

 
 

Deviance information criteria

 

390.488

 
  1. Based on 37 RCTs with 2697 patients: 35 two-arm trials and three three-arm trials
  2. aFor all comparisons of treatments of lupus nephritis for renal remission/response please see Appendix 5
  3. For absolute rates for events used for calculation of risk difference, please see Appendix 6
  4. OR odds ratio, RR relative risk, RD risk difference, CrI credible interval, CYC cyclophosphamide, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, CSA cyclosporine, TAC tacrolimus, LEF leflunomide, PRED prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone, AZA azathioprine, RTX rituximab, HD high dose, LD low dose, when not specified, it indicates standard dose
  5. Significant odds ratios are in italics
  6. The odds ratios were transformed to relative risk (RR) and risk difference was done to allow ease for interpretation for clinicians and patients