Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | The setting (center) | PCI categorization | Design | Comparison groups | No of participants | Study Duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burke 2011 [14] | Maternity Unit, University Maternity Hospital, Limerick, Ireland | Gross examination | Prospective cohort | MCI, VCI vs. normal PCI | 727 | not specified | SGA, Em CD |
Boulis 2013 [24] | Obstetrics Dept, LIJ School of Medicine, Long Island, New York, USA | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | MCI, VCI vs. CDC database | 122 | 2002–2012 | PTB, SGA, Em CD, IUFD |
Brouillet 2014 [25] | Obstetrics Dept, Grenoble University Hospital, France | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | Central PCI vs. Peripheral (MCI, VCI and paracentral PCI) | 528 | Aug 2006 - Dec 2006 | SGA |
Carbone 2008 [23] | Obstetrics Dept, Hartford Hospital, Connecticut, USA | Existing data | Case-control | MCI vs. normal PCI | 282 | Nov 2005 – Feb 2008 | PTB |
Ebbing 2013 [6] | Medical Birth Registry of Norway | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI, MCI vs. non-MCI | 634,741 | 1999–2009 | PTB, SGA, Low BW, Em CD, IUFD |
Eddleman 1992 [10] | Obstetrics Dept, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI | 15,942 | Jan 1985 - Dec 1988 | PTB, SGA, Low BW |
Esakoff 2015 [7] | California Birth Statistics | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI | 482,812 | Jan 2006 - Dec 2006 | PTB, SGA, Em CD, IUFD |
Feldman 2004 [17] | Obstetrics Dept, Hartford Hospital, Connecticut, USA | Sonography | Case-control | MCI vs. normal PCI | 75 | Jan 2002 - Dec 2003 | PTB, Low BW, |
Hasegawa 2009 [19] | Obstetrics Dept, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | MCI, VCI vs. normal PCI | 556 | June 2005 - Dec 2006 | Em CD |
Hasegawa 2006 [18] | Obstetrics Dept, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan | Sonography | prospective cohort | MCI, VCI vs. normal PCI | 3446 | Sept 2002 - June 2004 | Em CD |
Heinonen 1996 [20] | Obstetrics Dept, University Hospital of Kuopio, Finland | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI | 12,750 | July 1989 - Dec 1993 | PTB, SGA, Low BW, Em CD, IUFD |
Pinar 2014 [15] | Perinatal Pathology, Women and infants Hospital, Rhode Island, USA | Gross examination | Case-control | VCI vs. non-VCI | 1718 | Mar 2006 - Sept 2008 | IUFD |
Raisanen 2012 [8] | Obstetrics Dept, University Hospital of Kuopio, Finland | Existing data | Retrospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI | 26,849 | 2000–2011 | PTB, SGA, Low BW, Em CD, IUFD |
Suzuki 2015 [21] | Obstetrics Dept, Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital, Tokyo | Existing data | Prospective cohort | VCI vs. non-VCI | 16,965 | 2002–2011 | PTB, SGA, Em CD |
Tantbirojn 2009 [16] | Pathology Dept, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA | Gross examination | Case-control | MCI, VCI vs. normal PCI | 541 | 1987–2007 | IUFD |
Uyanwah-Akpom 1977 [9] | Pathology Dept, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK | Existing data | Prospective cohort | Normal PCI vs. Peripheral PCI | 1000 | not specified | SGA, IUFD |
Yerlikaya 2016 [22] | Obstetrics Dept, Medical University of Vienna, Austria | Existing data | Case-control | VCI vs. non-VCI | 216 | Jan 2003 - Dec 2013 | IUFD |