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Table 6 Description of studies measuring neck posture

From: Electronic measures of movement impairment, repositioning, and posture in people with and without neck pain—a systematic review

First author, year, design

Study population

Testing circumstances

Device

Comparison of posture

Type of neck pain, pain duration, pain intensity, sex (♂,♀), mean age (SD), mean BMI (SD), recruitment, occupation

Controls’ sex (♂,♀), mean age (SD), mean BMI (SD), recruitment, occupation

Examiners professional background, training, blinding

Instruction standardised, type of test, training, repeated, restrictions applied*

Type, sample rate (Hz), measurement error, LOA, ICC, SEM

Neck pain group I, type degrees (SD)

Healthy controls type degrees (SD)

Arvidsson et al. 2006, cohort

Neck-shoulder disorders, NR, NR, 0♂ 13♀, 38 (NR), NR, workplace, air traffic control

0♂, 11♀, 35 (NR), NR (NR), workplace, air traffic control

Physical therapist, NR, NR

NA, ordinary work, NA, no, sitting, NA, NA, NA, NR

Inclinometry, 20 Hz, NR, NR, NR, NR

Neck-shoulder disorders, 95th–5th, neck: 44 (9), head: 39 (8)

HC, 95th–5th, neck: 42 (10), head: 34 (7)

Edmondston 2007, case control

Postural neck pain, 5.2 (4.28) years, VAS 48.3 (14.81), 10♂11♀, 29.0 (7.36), NR,advertisement, NR

10♂ 12♀, 25.7 (5.95), NR, advertising, NR

Experienced physiotherapist, NR, NR

Yes, habitual sitting posture, perceived good posture and JPE, yes, yes, sitting, no, NA, NA, blindfolded

Three-dimensional optical motion analysis system (PEAK Performance Technologies Inc., Centennial, CO, USA), 50 Hz, NR, NR, NR, NR

Postural neck pain, habitual sitting posture, cervicothoracic: 158.0 (5.75), head tilt: 64.8 (5.41), head protraction: 170.0 (8.24), shoulder protraction: 11.7 (4.74), perceived ‘good’ posture, cervicothoracic: 153.6 (5.87), head tilt: 59.8 (7.00), head protraction: 169.6 (7.25), shoulder protraction: 12.7 (5.27)

HC, habitual sitting posture, cervicothoracic: 157.0 (6.22), head tilt: 68.0 (7.26), head protraction: 166.6 (6.82), shoulder protraction: 11.9 (6.33), perceived ‘good’ posture, cervicothoracic: 151.5 (4.91), head tilt: 64.4 (7.78)a, head protraction: 165.0 (7.85)a, shoulder protraction: 11.8 (6.08)

Silva 2009, case control

CNP, > 6 month, < 30 years, NPRS 5.6 (2.1), 6♂34♀, 50.2 (7.9), NR, referred by a physician for physiotherapy because of NP at the Hospital da Prelada, NR

6♂ 34♀, 50.2 (7.9), NR, general population, NR

NR, NR, yes

Yes, postural, no, no, standing, no, habitual, no movement, no

Video camera setup and APAS software, 25 Hz, NR, NR, NR, NR

CNP, habitual, C7, tragus, horizontal: 45.4 (6.8), tragus, eye, horizontal: 21.0 (6.4), Right ear, left ear, horizontal: 2.3 (1.8)

HC, habitual, C7, tragus, horizontal: 48.6a (7.1), tragus, eye, horizontal: 18.8 (7.7), right ear, left ear, horizontal: 1.8 (1.5)

Szeto 2005, case control

NP, > 3 months, NR, 0♂21♀, 36 (4.6), NR, NR, office workers

0♂ 17♀, NR, NR, NR, office workers

NR, NR, NR

NR, 1 h typing, NR, no, sitting, no, habitual, no movement, no

Vicon 370, 60 Hz, 0.94 mm, NR, NR, NR

NP, 1 h typing, Head F/E: 67.59 (10.8), Head LF: − 1.14 (1.8), head R: 1.78 (2.4)

HC, 1 h typing, head F/E: 63.74 (12.9), head LF: − 2.67a (2.2), head R: 4.23a (2.5)

Xie Yf 2018, case control

Non-specific neck pain, > 3 months, NPRS 4.9 (1.8), 8♂11♀, 24.4, NR, poster advertisements in the local universities, NR

7♂ 11♀, 23.2 (3.3), NR, poster advertisements in the local universities, NR

NR, NR, NR

Unclear, taping on 1: smart phone one hand 2: both hands 3: computer, yes, no, sitting with back support, no, NA, NA,

Inertial measurement unit motion sensors (MyoMotion Clinical, Noraxon U.S.A. Inc.), 1500, 1°, NR, NR, NR

Non-specific NP, one hand F/E: ≈ 24.9 (6.6), R: ≈ RR 3.4 ( 6.3), LF: ≈ RLF 2.7 (5.8), both hands F/E: 28.8 (5.9), R: ≈ LR 0.4 (4.3), LF: ≈ RLF 3.1 (5.3), computer typing F/E: ≈ 4.5 (11.7), R: ≈ LR 0.4 (1.4), LF: ≈ RLF 1.2 (4.1)

HC, one hand, F/E: ≈ 25.8 (8.8), R: ≈ RR 0.4 (4.1), LF: ≈ LLF 0.8 (5.4), both hands F/E: ≈ 29.3 (6.7), R: ≈ LR 1.6 (3.1), LF: ≈ RLF 0.5 (4,3), computer typing F/E: ≈ 2.9 (6.8), R: ≈ RR 0.4 (6.6), LF: ≈RLF 1.6 (2.3)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CNP chronic neck pain, HC healthy controls, ICC intraclass correlation coefficients, JPE joint positioning error, LOA limits of agreement, NA not applicable, NP neck pain, NPRS numeric pain rating scale, NR not reported, RR right rotation, SD standard deviation, SEM standard error of measurement, VAS visual analog scale
  2. *Is test position in sitting, standing, with back support? Is the test subject fixed to the back support? Test to end range or pain limit? Movement speed self-selected, fast as possible or fixed? Is the test subject blindfolded?
  3. aSignificant difference neck pain group I vs HC (p > 0,05)
  4. bSignificant difference neck pain group II vs HC (p > 0,05)
  5. cSignificant difference neck pain group I vs II (p > 0,05). ≈ Red from a graph
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Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053