The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions to manage frailty in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review

Table 3 Critical appraisal result of the studies using RCT study design, 2022

Included articles	Criterion no. (items included to appraise RCT studies)
Included articles	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Raw %	Risk
Markle R. et al. 2006 [39]	✓	✓	✓	*	*	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	84.6	Low
Markle R. et al. 2011 [38]	*	*	✓	✓	*	*	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	69.2	Moderate
Tze Pin Ng. et al. 2015 [40]	✓	✓	✓	*	*	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	*	✓	✓	76.9	Low

√ = yes, X = no, * = unclear, ¥ = not applicable
Criterion No. 1: Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups? No. 2: Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? No. 3: Were treatment groups similar at the baseline? No. 4: Were participants blind to treatment assignment? No. 5: Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment? No. 6: Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment? No. 7: Were treatments groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? No. 8: Was follow-up complete, and if not, were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized? No 9: Were participants analysed in the groups to which they were randomized? No. 10: Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups? No. 11: Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? No. 12: Was appropriate statistical analysis used? No. 13: Was the trial design appropriate?

ISSN: 2046-4053