First author | Country | GS HF events | RCD source | GS source | ICD coding | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | Kappa (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Version | Pos./Alg | ||||||||||
Borzecki [67] | USA | 82 | ACD | MR | 9 | Any | 77.0 | 99.0 | – | – | 0.74 |
Birman-Deych [78] | USA | 11014 | Registry | MR | 9 | Any | 76.0 (75.2–76.8) | 98.0 (97.7–98.2) | 97.0 (96.6–97.3) | 82.4 (81.8–83.0) | – |
Rector [71] | USA | 218 | ACD a | Self-report | 9 | Best alg. | 70.2 (63.6–76.2) | 91.0 (90.0–91.9) | 33.3 (29.0–98.4) | 98.0 (97.4–98.4) | – |
Allen [77] | USA | 108 | Registry | MR | 9 | Alg. 2 | 61.5 (39.6–79.5) | 98.5 (96.6–99.3) | 68.6 (44.9–85.4) | 97.9 (95.9–99.0) | – |
Van Doorn [75] | USA | 217 | HDD | MR | 10 | Any | 56.7 (49.8–63.4) | 98.7 (96.7–99.6) | 96.9 (92.1–99.1) | 76.3 (71.8–80.4) | 0.59 |
Fleming [59] | USA | 103 | ACD | MR | 9 | Study alg. | 46.6 (36.7–56.7) | 95.9 (94.9–96.7) | 37.2 (28.9–46.2) | 97.1 (96.3–97.8) | 0.38 |
Kieszak [69] | USA | 145 | ACD | MR | 9 | Any | – | – | – | – | 0.38 |
Etzioni [12] | USA | 249 | HDD | Registry | 9 | Secondary | – | – | – | – | 0.22 |
Schultz [76] | Canada | 99 | HDD + ACD | Primary care record | 8, 9, 10 | Alg. 4 | 84.8 (76.2–91.3) | 97.0 (96.2–97.7) | 55.6 (47.3–63.7) | 99.3 (98.9–99.6) | – |
Xu [72] | Canada | 296 | HDD | MR | 10 | Any | 57.4 (51.8–63.0) | 99.2 (98.8–99.6) | 92.4 (88.6–96.2) | 93.4 (92.3–94.5) | – |
+ EMR | Any + MLA | 83.3 (73.9–92.8) | 97.3 (95.6–98.9) | 83.3 (73.9–92.8) | 97.3 (95.6–98.9) | – | |||||
Juurlink [79] | Canada | 1371 | HDD | Re–coded MR | 10 | Secondary | 82.0 (80.0–84.0) | 96.0 (95.6–96.3) | 68.0 (65.0–70.0) | 98.1 (97.8–98.3) | 0.71 (0.69–0.73) |
So [65] | Canada | 55 | HDD | MR | 10 | Secondary | 80.0 (67.0–89.6) | 97.8 (93.8–99.6) | 93.6 (82.5–98.7) | 92.5 (86.9–96.2) | – |
9 | Secondary | 81.8 (68.7–90.5) | 96.4 (91.8–98.8) | 90.0 (78.2–96.7) | 93.0 (87.5–96.6) | – | |||||
Quan (2002) [63] | Canada | 128 | HDD | MR | 9 | Any | 77.3 (69.1–84.3) | 98.7 (97.8–99.3) | 87.6 (80.1–93.1) | 97.3 (96.2–98.2) | 0.80 |
Quan (2008) [70] | Canada | 333 | Re-coded MR | MR | 9 | Any | 71.8 (66.6–76.5) | 99.3 (99.0–99.5) | 90.2 (86.0–93.5) | 97.5 (96.9–98.0) | 0.78 |
HDD | MR | 10 | Any | 68.6 (63.2–73.5) | 99.3 (99.0–99.6) | 90.1 (85.8–93.5) | 97.2 (96.6–97.7) | 0.76 | |||
Humphries [60] | Canada | 58 | HDD | MR | 9 | Any | 65.5 (51.9–77.5) | 95.0 (93.2–96.4) | 50.0 (38.3–61.7) | 97.3 (95.9–98.3) | 0.53 |
Wilchesky [49] | Canada | 1057 | ACD | Primary care record | 9 | Any | 41.5 (38.5–44.6) | 96.1 (95.7–96.4) | 44.4 (41.3–47.6) | 95.6 (95.2–95.9) | – |
Henderson [68] | Australia | 392 | HDD | Re-coded MR | 10 | Any (98–99) | 87.0 (83.1–90.2) | 99.4 (99.2–99.6) | 89.9 (86.2–92.7) | 99.3 (99.0–99.5) | 0.88 |
153 | Any (00–01) | 86.3 (79.7–91.0) | 99.7 (99.6–99.8) | 86.3 (79.7–91.0) | 99.7 (99.6–99.8) | 0.86 | |||||
Powell [61] | Australia | 172 | HDD | MR | 9 | Secondary | 62.2 (54.5–69.5) | 98.3 (97.4–98.9) | 81.7 (74.0–87.9) | 95.4 (94.2–96.4) | – |
Preen [62] | Australia | 100 | HDD | MR | 9 | Any | 40.0 (30.3–50.3) | 99.8 (99.5–99.9) | 90.9 (78.3–97.5) | 97.0 (96.1–97.7) | – |
Sarfati [64] | New Zealand | 64 | HDD | MR | 9 | Any | 31.3 (20.2–44.1) | 98.0 (96.4–99.0) | 66.7 (47.2–82.7) | 91.8 (89.2–94.0) | 0.38 (0.25–0.51) |
Chong [58] | Singapore | 469 | HDD | MR | 9 | Secondary | 35.4 (31.1–39.9) | 97.1 (96.5–97.7) | 65.9 (59.2–71.7) | 90.6 (89.5–91.6) | 0.40 (0.39–0.42) |
Kaspar [73] | Germany | 222 | HDD | MR | 10 | Any + MLA | 83.8 (78.3–88.4) | 97.2 (95.8–98.2) | 89 .0 (83.9–92.9) | 95.7 (94.1–97.0) | – |
+ EMR | Any | 49.5 (42.8–56.3) | 99.1 (98.2–99.7) | 94.0 (88.1–97.6) | 87.9 (85.6–89.9) | – | |||||
Soo [66] | UK | 546 | HDD | MR | 10 | Any | 52.4 (48.2–56.5) | 91.6 (90.5–92.6) | 56.0 (51.6–60.2) | 90.4 (89.2–91.5) | 0.45 |
Luthi [74] | Switzerland | 52 | HDD | MR | 10 | Any | 48.1 (34.0–62.4) | 93.2 (91.3–94.8) | 30.5 (20.8–41.6) | 96.7 (95.2–97.8) | 0.32 (0.21–0.43) |